The first iron-cased rockets that were successfully deployed for military use in 1780

 

Mysorean rockets: The iron-cased rockets were successfully deployed for military use.

                      

Nambi Narayanan: The man who gave ISRO a distinct identity with his Vikas engine

Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore in the late 18th century, pioneered the use of "Mysorean rockets", the world’s first iron-cased war rockets, used effectively against the British East India Company during the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1780s–1790s). Developed under Tipu and his father Hyder Ali, these rockets were a significant advancement over earlier gunpowder-based rockets, featuring iron casings for greater thrust and a range of 1–2.4 km. They were often mounted on wooden poles or swords, with some capable of carrying explosive payloads or incendiaries, causing chaos in enemy ranks, notably during the Battle of Pollilur (1780)

                       

Switzerland has approved installing a removable solar panel plant along the railway tracks.

Tipu established a dedicated "Rocket Corps", with up to 5,000 men, organized into units like the 120- and 131-man teams during the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1792). These rockets, though less accurate than cannons, were lightweight, mobile, and could be launched in salvos from wheeled launchers, overwhelming British forces.

After Tipu’s defeat in 1799, the British captured his rockets, which inspired the development of the "Congreve rockets" in 1804, later used in the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. A painting of Tipu’s rockets is displayed at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility, recognized by APJ Abdul Kalam as a testament to his contributions to rocketry

The Mysorean rockets were a groundbreaking military innovation, marking Tipu Sultan as a pioneer in rocket artillery.

                           

Congreve rockets

          . ISRO successfully launched the PROBA-3 mission, which involves blocking the sun's orbit with an 'occulting' device to study the corona and uncover its secrets.

• By 1804, William Congreve had begun studying and refining captured Indian rockets at the Royal Laboratory, Woolwich Arsenal in Kent. His first product was an elongated, larger version of an Indian rocket that he designed to be launched from ships. In 1805, Congreve gave a successful demonstration of his rockets to the British Prime Minister and other government officials, who agreed to fund further work. On October 8, 1806, Congreve rockets were used for the first time in combat. Fired in salvos from specially-built boats, they were very effective in burning down much of the town of Boulogne. More than 2,000 Congreve rockets were fired without the French returning a single shot.

• Heavy – carcass/explosive rockets, 100- and 300-pounders; between five and six feet in length, with a stick length of 25–27 feet. Considered too cumbersome to use effectively in the field.
• Medium – 24- to 42-pounders; two to four feet in length, with a stick length of 15–20 feet
• Light – 6- to 18-pounders; 16–25 inches in length, with a stick length of 8–14 feet

 In 1813, the rockets were made available in three classes:
The medium and light rockets could be case shot, shell, or explosive.