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                        International Space Station

The space station has a station on which astronauts from Earth stop and experiment on it.

The space station has been built so that scientists can work in space for a long time.

What is a space station?

Space station is also called orbital station. It has been designed keeping in mind all the facilities for humans to live. That is, it is such a man-made station in space, from which one can get a spacecraft from Earth. Apart from this, it has so much capability that it can land a spacecraft. They are established in the low-orbit orbit of the earth. Let us tell you that the space station is a type of platform from where the Earth can be surveyed, the secrets of the sky can be revealed.

It would not be wrong to say that this is a satellite for flying in space, a laboratory for new technology, astronomical, environmental and geological research. There is a station built by scientists in space from where in-depth study of space can be done.

History:

Launch               20 November 1998,22 year

The first ISS component was launched in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving on 2 November 2000. Then, the station was occupied continuously for 19 years and 220 days. It is the longest continuous human presence in low Earth orbit, surpassing the previous record of 9 years and 357 days held by the Mir space station. The latest major pressurized modules were fitted in 2011, with an experimental inflatable space housing added in 2016.

The station continues to develop and combine with several major new Russian elements starting in 2020. The ISS includes pressurized housing modules, structural trusses, photovoltaic solar arrays, thermal radiators, docking ports, experiment bays, and robotic arms. Major ISS modules are launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets and US Space Shuttles.

Country contribution:

The International space station is a modular or artificial satellite im low earth orbit. The ISS program is a collaborative project between five space agencies;

United states (NASA), Russia(Roscosmos State Corporation), European Space Agency(ESA), The Canadian Space Agency (CSA)and Japan Aerospace Exploration agencies(JAXA) are working in this project.

How was it launched :

It is so big and full that it cannot be launched simultaneously, so it has been sent in several pieces.

• First of all Russia reocket ne control modul Zarya.
• After two week America launched Andver
•  Zarya's computer transferred control of the station to Zvezda's computer soon after docking. Zvezda added sleeping quarters, a toilet, kitchen, CO₂ scrubbers, dehumidifier, oxygen generators, exercise equipment, plus data, voice and television communications with mission control. This enabled permanent habitation of the station.

1. Zarya  is the first module of the ISS to be launched.Zarya was launched on 20 November 1998 on a Russian  Proton rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome site 81  in Kazakhstan to a 400 kilometres (250 mi) high orbit with a designed lifetime of at least 15 years. After Zarya reached orbit, STS-88 launched on 4 December 1998 to attach the  unity modul
2. The Unity connecting module, also known as Node 1, is the first US-built component of the ISS. It connects the Russian and US segments of the station, and is where crew eat meals together.
3. Zvezda It was the third module launched to the station, and provides all of the station's life support system
4. The Destiny module, also known as the U.S. Lab, is the primary operating facility for US research payloads aboard the International Space Station (ISS)
5. The Quest Joint Airlock, previously known as the Joint Airlock Module, is the primary airlock for the ISS.
6. Pirs  and Poisk  are Russian airlock modules,
7. Harmony, also known as Node 2, is the "utility hub" of the ISS. It connects the laboratory modules of the United States, Europe and Japan, as well as providing electrical power and electronic data. Sleeping cabins for four of the six crew are housed here.
   Harmony was successfully launched into space aboard space shuttle flight STS- 120 on 23 October 2007
8. Tranquility, also known as Node 3, is a module of the ISS. It contains environmental control systems,life support system a toilet, exercise equipment, and an observation cupola
9. Columbus is a science laboratory that is part of the ISS and is the largest single contribution to the ISS made by the European Space Agency (ESA).
10. The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM)is a Japanese science module for the ISS developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module
11. The Cupola is anESA-built observatory module of the ISS. Its name derives from the Italian word cupola, which means "dome". Its seven windows are used to conduct experiments, dockings and observations of Earth. It was launched aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-130 on 8 February 2010 and attached to the Tranquility(Node 3) module. 
12. Rassvet (Russian) it is also known as the Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1) (Russian) and formerly known as the Docking Cargo Module (DCM), is a component of the ISS.
13. The Leonardo Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM) is a module of the ISS. It was flown into space aboard the space shuttle on STS- 133 on 24 February 2011 and installed on 1 March. Leonardo is primarily used for storage of spares, supplies and waste on the ISS, which was until then stored in many different places within the space station.

Shape and size of ISS :

 length of  ISS  = 108.5 m

    wide of ISS   = 72.8 m

hight of  ISS      = 20m

weight of ISS     = 420 ton

                                                                                                                           (   m = meter) 

• There is 5 bedrooms in the space station, in which 6 people can live comfortably.
• It is located 250 miles (408 KM ) above the earth.
• It takes a cycle of 17500 miles / hour from the Earth, which would have made a circle of the Earth in 90 minutes.
• The space station rotates 16 times a day, due to which astronauts can see the sunrise 16 times a day.

That country,  who launched its space station :

1. first space station Salyut 1 Launch in 1971 by russia.
2. SKY lab space station launch by America in 1973.
3. 11 space stations have been launched so far.
4. Tiangong is a space station program of the People's Republic of China.
5. China launched its first space laboratory, Tiangong-1 on September 29, 2011.

Future mission :

• By 2030, India will launch its own space station  weight 20 tonnes which can be used for 4-5 passengers from 15-20 days.
• China will launch own space station in Tiangon-3 in 2022.

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